رفتار ساختمانهای بتنی یکی از موضوعات بسیار جالب برای مهندسان طراح و علی الخصوص علاقه مندان به سازه های بتنی است. کتاب حاضر کتابی است به زبان انگلیسی و بسیار مفید تحت عنوان "عملکرد لرزه ای ساختمان بتنی" از دو نویسنده بسیار خوب "لیویو کرینیک" و "میهای مونتینو" از دانشگاه رومانی. پیشنهاد می کنیم در صورت تمایل این کتاب را در ادامه دانلود و مطالعه کنید.

 Seismic Performance of Concrete Buildings

Liviu Crainic and Mihai Munteanu

 This book arose from the need to pass on the life-long accumulation of knowledge in the field of reinforced concrete structures gained through the authors’ teaching of under- and post-graduate students at the Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest/Romania (TUCE) as well as through their experience as consulting engineers and structural designers.
The curricula of courses offered at the TUCE are substantially influenced by the fact that, being located at the intersection of three important tectonic plates, Romania is a country with high intensity seismic activity. The March 4th, 1977 destructive earthquake (Richter M=7.2; 32 high-rise buildings collapsed in Bucharest, about 1600 people were killed and close to 12000 people were injured; two small towns – Zimnicea and Alexandria – were almost completely destroyed) was the biggest seismic event of the 20th century in Europe.

Taking into account this reality, most courses taught at TUCE place main focus on Earthquake Engineering topics. On the other hand, it is a tradition of TUCE to involve its faculty in structural design of earthquake-prone constructions and assessment and redesigning of earthquake-damaged ones. Those were important deciding factors in shaping the book’s structure.
The book starts with a presentation of some fundamental aspects of reinforced concrete behavior quantified through constitutive laws for both monotonic and hysteretic loading. The basic concepts of post-elastic analysis such as plastic hinge, plastic length, fiber models, stable and unstable hysteretic behavior are defined and discussed accordingly.
Based on the specific peculiarities of reinforced concrete behavior as quantified through its constitutive laws, two chapters (three and four) of the book present the analysis and design methods of concrete structures under static and seismic actions. The fundamental non-linear approach specific to these methods is highlighted and their specific use for concrete structures is exemplified through case studies.
Taking into account the seismic action peculiarities and specific features of seismic design philosophy as compared to the case of gravity-load-dominated structures, up-to-date seismic analysis methods as well as the modern seismic performance design approach are presented and discussed. In chapter five, the powerful concept of structural system is defined and systematically used to explain the seismic response as well as the procedures for analysis and detailing of common building structures. Three chapters (six, seven and eight) of the book have a pronounced applicative character.

They treat the seismic behavior, analysis, design and detailing of frames, walls and dual systems. Case studies on the seismic design of each of the three types of concrete buildings are included. Chapter nine outlines some specific features of the concrete building behavior during major earthquakes. The book ends with the chapter “Concluding Remarks and Recommendations’’. The book is not code-oriented. Rather than presenting code provisions, the volume tries to offer a coherent system of notions, concepts and methods which allow the understanding and implementation of any design code. The content of this book is based mainly on the authors’ personal experience resulting from their teaching and technical activities as professors and, at the same time, as consulting engineers and structural designers. Nevertheless, discussions and professional interaction with their colleagues from the Department of Reinforced Concrete at TUCE significantly contributed to the clarification of the topics and the final format of the book.

Many people were instrumental in helping the authors to realize this book project. Special thanks go to Dr. Mihai Pavel, Dr. Andrei Zybaczynski and Dr. Cristian Rusanu for drafting the case studies and providing several figures of the book. The photographs in chapter nine have been generously provided by Dr. Sever Georgescu from the Romanian National Research Institute for Constructions (INCERC). The authors are grateful to Mr. Vasile Hosu who performed the hard work of drawing the figures of the book and formatting the text. The intellectually stimulating influence of Professor Dan Frangopol, editor of the book series “Structures and Infrastructures’’, is gratefully acknowledged especially for his valuable and constructive suggestions aimed at enhancing the book content and
structure. Last but not least, the authors want to thank their families for their love and unwavering support throughout this project. This book aims to provide a powerful tool for both under- and post-graduate students as well as for structural designers, one that will enrich their knowledge and help them achieve a sound conception of and insight into seismic design of concrete buildings.

Liviu Crainic
Mihai Munteanu

Mihai Munteanu                        Liviu Crainic

 همانطور که در بالا مطالعه کردید، این کتاب حاصل سالها تجربه و تدریس دو مولف آن در دانشگاه مهندسی عمران بخارست - رومانی بوده است. همچنین این دو مولف سالها در مهندسان مشاور کار کرده و تجربیات فراوانی کسب کرده اند. همه میدانیم که کشور رومانی نیز به مانند کشور ما کشور لرزه خیزی است بطوریکه در چهارم مارس سال 1977 ،  زلزله ای با بزرگای بیش از  7.2 ریشتر در رومانی رخ داده است. در این زلزله اکثر ساختمانهای بلند فرو ریخت و قریب به 1600 نفر کشته و 12000 نفر مجروح، حاصل این زلزله دلخراش بود بطوریکه دو شهر کوچک "زیمنیچه" و اسکندریه" تقریباً بطور کامل ویران شدند. جالب است بدانید این بزرگترین رخداد لرزه ای در قرن بیستم در اروپا است.

از این رو با توجه به این پیشینه لرزه ای، اکثر فعالیت های آموزشی در دانشگاه مهندسی عمران بخارست بر روی عملکرد لرزه ای سازه ها و طراحی لرزه ای آنها و همچنین بهسازی و مقاومسازی سازه ها و تعمیر و مرمت ساختمان های آسیب دیده متمرکز شد و این زمینه ساز تالیف کتاب جاضر توسط دو تن از اساتید این دانشگاه گردید.

این کتاب با بررسی برخی از جنبه های اساسی رفتار بتن مسلح شروع شده و مفاهیم اولیه تجزیه و تحلیل پس - الاستیک به مانند مفصل پلاستیک، طول پلاستیک، مدل فیبر، رفتار هیسترتیک پایدار و ناپایدار تعریف شده و مورد بحث قرار گرفته درآمده است. در ادامه این کتاب در فصل های سه و چهار انواع روش های تحلیل و طراحی سازه های بتنی تحت بارهای استاتیکی و لرزه ای بیان شده و از طریق مطالعه موردی و نمونه ای بررسی شده است. در فصل پنجم به سیستم های سازه ای و سیستم های لرزه ای در ساختمان های رایج پرداخته شده و در فصل های شش تا هشت به تفصیل در مورد هر یک از این سیستم ها یعنی سیستم های قاب خمشی، دیواربرشی و سیستم دوگانه صحبت شده و اینجا هم باز بصورت مطالاعات موردی به آنها پرداخته شده است. در فصل نهم نیز برخی از ویژگی های خاص رفتار لرزه ای ساختمان های بتنی در طول زلزله های بزرگ تشریح شده است. در پایان این کتاب فصل دهم با عنوان "توصیه و سخن آخر" به پایان میرسد.

امیدواریم با معرفی و در اختیار گداشتن این کتاب از طرف گروه آموزشی سیویلرن برای مهندسین زلزله و علاقه مند به رفتار لرزه ای ساختمان های بتنی، کمکی هر چند کوچک کرده باشیم. در ادامه پی دی اف این کتاب ارزشمند را دانلود و در فرصتی مناسب آنرا مطالعه کنید. همچنین سرفصل های کتاب در پایین آورده شده است تا بهتر برای دانلود آن تصمیم بگیرید و بیشتر با جزییات آن آشنا شوید.

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 سرفصل های کتاب 

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Behavior Peculiarities 2
1.3 Structural Modeling 3
1.4 Design Codes 5
1.5 Content of the Book 6
Conclusions 6
Chapter 2 Constitutive Laws 7
2.1 General Considerations 7
2.2 Constitutive Laws for Reinforced Concrete Components 10
2.2.1 Concrete 10
2.2.2 Reinforcing Steel 12
2.3 Constitutive Laws for Reinforced Concrete Sections 15
2.3.1 General 15
2.3.2 Moment-Curvature Relationships for Sections with Pure Bending 16
2.3.3 Moment-Curvature Relationships for EccentricallyCompressed Members 20
2.3.4 Moment-Curvature Relationships for Sections Subjected to Reversal Loading 21
2.4 Constitutive Laws for Reinforced Concrete Members 23
2.4.1 General Considerations 23
2.4.2 Types of R/C Members According to Their Behaviorup to the Failure 24
2.4.3 Force-Deflection Relationship for a Reinforced Concrete Cantilever. Notion of “Plastic Hinge’’ (elements with“concentrated’’ inelasticity) 26

2.4.4 Elements with Distributed Inelasticity 30
2.4.5 Behavior of Elements with High Shear 31
2.4.6 Elements Subjected to Reversal Loading 33
2.4.7 Computer Models for R/C Members 34
Numerical Examples 38
Conclusions 48
Chapter 3 Behavior and Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structuresunder Static Loads 49
3.1 Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Structures under Monotonic Loads 49
3.2 Methods for Static Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures 51
3.2.1 Static Elastic Analysis 52
3.2.2 Static Post-Elastic (“Pushover’’) Analysis 53
3.2.3 Post-Elastic Analysis through “Limit Equilibrium’’ 56
3.2.4 Rotation of Plastic Hinges 59
3.3 Post-Elastic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures through
Adjustment of Elastic Moments 61
Numerical Examples 62
Conclusions 66
Chapter 4 Seismic Analysis and Design Methods for Reinforced Concrete Structures 67
4.1 General Considerations 67
4.2 Seismic Action 67
4.3 Seismic Design Philosophy 70
4.4 Specific Requirements for Structures Subjected to High Intensity Seismic Actions 71
4.5 Analysis and Design Based on Equivalent Seismic Force 73
4.6 Post-Elastic Static (Pushover) Analysis to Seismic Actions 76
4.6.1 General Considerations 76
4.6.2 “Classical’’ (conventional) Pushover Seismic Analysis 77
4.6.3 Advanced Procedures for Pushover Seismic Analysis 80
4.7 Dynamic Post-Elastic Analysis of Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems. Inelastic Spectra 82
4.8 Dynamic Post-Elastic Analysis of Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Systems 87
4.9 Performance-Based Design 88
Conclusions 91
Chapter 5 Structural Systems for Multistory Buildings 93
5.1 Definitions 93
5.2 Types of Superstructures 94
5.2.1 Reinforced Concrete Frames 94
5.2.2 Wall Systems 96
5.2.3 Dual Systems 97
5.2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages. Optimum Usage 98
5.3 Structures with Controlled Seismic Response 99
5.3.1 Systems of Base Isolation 99

5.3.2 Damper Systems 100
5.3.3 Systems with Tuned Mass 100
5.4 Infrastructure 100
Conclusions 101
Chapter 6 Reinforced Concrete Frame Systems 103
6.1 General Considerations 103
6.2 Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frames 104
6.2.1 Behavior under Gravity Loads 104
6.2.2 Seismic Behavior of Frames 105
6.3 Analysis of Frame Structures 109
6.3.1 Advanced and Simplified Analysis under Seismic Equivalent Forces 109
6.3.2 Pushover Analysis 111
6.3.3 Time-History Post-Elastic Analysis 112
6.4 Seismic Design of Frame Structures 113
6.4.1 Preliminary Design 113
6.4.2 Steps of Proper Design 115
6.5 Capacity Design Method 116
6.6 Drift Control of Frames Subjected to Seismic Actions 121
6.7 Local Ductility of Frame Components 123
6.8 Beam-Column Joints 127
6.9 Interaction Frames/Masonry Infill 130
6.10 Infrastructures and Foundations 134
6.10.1 General 134
6.10.2 Infrastructure with Peripheral Walls 135
6.10.3 Infrastructure Made by a System of Walls and Diaphragms 138
6.11 Case Study 139
6.11.1 General Layout. Input data 139
6.11.2 Preliminary Design 140
6.11.3 Structural Analysis and Design 143
Conclusions 147
Chapter 7 Structural Wall Systems 149
7.1 General 149
7.2 Types of Structural Walls 150
7.3 Behavior of Wall Systems 152
7.3.1 General 152
7.3.2 Behavior of Cantilever Wall 152
7.3.3 Coupled Wall Behavior 153
7.3.4 Wall System Behavior 158
7.4 Conceptual Design of Structural Wall Systems 159
7.5 Analysis of Wall Systems 163
7.5.1 Elastic analysis of Wall Systems 163
7.5.2 Post-elastic Analysis of Wall Systems 165
7.6 Simplified Analysis of Wall System 166
7.6.1 General 166
7.6.2 Coordinates of Rigidity Centre 167

7.6.3 Direct Effect of the Lateral Force (Effect of Translation) 168
7.6.4 Effect of Rotation (General Twist) 169
7.6.5 Systems with non-parallel components 171
7.6.6 Special Analysis Issues 175
7.7 Design and Detailing of Cantilever Wall 176
7.7.1 General 176
7.7.2 Flexural Design 176
7.7.3 Design for Shear 178
7.7.4 Stiffness 179
7.7.5 Detailing 180
7.8 Coupled Wall Design and Detailing 181
7.9 Diaphragms 185
7.10 Infrastructures and Foundations 186
7.10.1 General 186
7.10.2 Individual Foundations 187
7.10.3 Infrastructures 188
7.11 Case Study 189
7.11.1 General 189
7.11.2 Conceptual Design 189
7.11.3 Preliminary Analysis and design 190
7.11.4 Accurate Structural Analysis 193
7.11.5 Design and Detailing 194
Conclusions 196
Chapter 8 Dual Systems 197
8.1 General Considerations 197
8.2 Behavior of Dual Systems 198
8.3 Conceptual Design of Dual Systems 200
8.4 Analysis, Design and Detailing of Dual Systems 202
8.5 Infrastructures and Foundations 203
8.6 Case Studies 203
Conclusions 221
Chapter 9 Observations on the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete
Buildings during Earthquakes 223
9.1 Buildings’ Behavior 223
9.2 Seismic Behavior of Frame Components 227
9.3 Structural Walls 231
9.4 Diaphragms 234
Conclusions 234
Chapter 10 Concluding Remarks and Recommendations 235
References 239
Subject index 241
Structures and Infrastructures Series 243

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